Vineyard provinces of Iran Essay -- Agriculture, Grape Production

Grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. is one of the most important pests of grape vine in most parts of the country. Losses caused by larval feeding leads to break up plant activities, reduction in flower buds and ultimately decreased quality and quantity of the crop. In order to study seasonal flight activity of Lobesia botrana and to memorize spraying time, experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two different orchards in Sissakht region in 1999-2000. The seasonal flight of Lobesia botrana was investigated by using pheromone traps and assemblage samples from eggs, larva and pupa stages of the pest. The results showed that Lobesia botrana has three generations with an incomplete 4th in the region. Damage of first and forth generation is very low. The grape vine fruits can be mainly damaged by the second and third generation of Lobesia botrana that will happen about ten days after the adult emergency. Regarding to the results, spraying should be done dur ing two weeks from 9th Lobesia botrana for the near year.Key Words Lobesia botrana, Population dynamics, Pheromone traps, spraying.IntroductionGrape is one of the major economical products in Iran. Kohkiluyeh-Va-Boyer- Ahmad has been long one of the Vineyard provinces of Iran. According to statistics of 2005, there was 1900 hectares chthonic cultivation (700 hectares of sapling and 1200 hectares of fruitful trees) with the production of 1250 metric ton, an average of 12500 Kg per hectare 5, 7. The vineyards of Kohkiluyeh-Va-Buyer-Ahmad are mostly in the counties of Buyer-Ahmad, Sissakht (Dena) and Kohkiluyeh 10.Lobesia botrana is one of the most important pest causing practiced damages to vineyards in Iran and around the world. In some years, ... ... 11, May13 18, MayEnd of 2nd gen26, May 5, June25, May 4, JuneStart of 2nd gen.5 12, June4 11, June locomote climax of 2nd gen.19 26, June18 25, JuneEnd of 2nd gen17 31, July13 28, JulyStart of 3rd gen.31, July 11, August2 8, July 13, AugustFly climax of 3rd gen.20 27, August22 29, AugustEnd of 3rd gen3 9, September6 16, SeptemberStart of 4th gen.9 16 September16 24, September Figure 1. Population dynamics vine moth in Sissakhat region (plain) 2007-2008 Figure2. Population dynamics vine moth in Sissakhat region (Mountain). 2007-2008 Figure 3a. mutant curve daily Min and Max temperature (Celsius). 2007 Figure 3b. Fluctuation curve daily Min and Max temperature (Celsius). 2008 Figure 4. Exit trend adults overwintering in science lab conditions (2008).References